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In a famous, and oft-repeated, moment, a Jewish synagogue tent operated in close proximity to Nazi lines.īut even as Finland fought the Soviets, it wrestled with the problems presented by Jewish The alliance with the Germans, combined with the fact that no Finnish Jews died during the Holocaust, has become another symbol of the resilience of the nation in the national myth, showcasing the willingness of Finland to defy a great power to protect its own people. In the Lapland War (1944-45), Finns fought the Germans. During the Continuation War (1941-44), Finland allied with Nazi Germany to fight the Soviets. First, there was the Winter War (1939-40), where the Finns fought off a Soviet invasion. World War II in Finland took place in three stages, each considered a war of its own. Anti-Semitism was relegated to the fringes. They never reached the levels of prominence and prosperity that Jews did elsewhere in Europe. These soldiers generally settled down in trades such as selling second-hand clothes, achieving a certain level of prosperity.
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After a 25-year term of service, the Czar allowed them to settle anywhere in the Russian empire without restriction. Jews first came to Finland as soldiers in the Russian empire. Before, the national narrative centered on Finland’s defiance of the Soviet Union in the Winter and Continuation Wars (1939-1944), with its treatment of Jews mentioned only to emphasise the exceptional irony of some Finnish Jewish soldiers receiving Nazi war crosses.Ĭonfronted with evidence of Finnish complicity in Nazi crimes, such as mistreatment of POWs, the transfer of Soviet Jews to German security forces, and the potential war crimes of Finnish members of the SS Viking division in the Ukraine, the Finnish government convened a commission of respected scholars to study the topic and produce a comprehensive report, which was then shared with the public. The questions in Finnish memory of the Holocaust are not about the fate of Finnish Jews, but rather about Finland’s treatment of refugees and prisoners of war and the actions of Finnish Nazi sympathisers during the war.įinland has been strong in recent years about confronting its marginal role in the Holocaust. Finnish authorities handed another 12 CentralĮuropean refugees to the Gestapo in Estonia and 49 Jewish Soviet Prisoners of War over to No Finnish Jews died in the Holocaust, though 61 did die in combat fighting in the FinnishĪrmy, often alongside German soldiers. The government has been commendable in its reaction to reports that Finnish SS volunt eers took part in Holocaust killings. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.Finland, though allied with Germany during the war, never handed over its Jews. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. So where did this fiery behaviour come from, and what might have caused it? What was its social context? And does the story of Anna Mårtensdotter tell us something more general about violence in Western Finland? Keywords Her grandfather had been a scribe and her father, uncle, and grandmother had held the post of local constable in Eurajoki parish for decades. 2 The knowledge that there was a tradition in her family for its members to hold positions of trust in the local administration throws the contentious behaviour of her and her siblings into stark relief. The number of times and way she handled appearing in court reveals her active and aggressive agency. Against her brother Valentin, Anna engaged in an exceptional dispute that lasted for decades and covered a variety of matters. These records tell of her offensive behaviour: neighbours complaining about her physical violence, insults, appropriations, and even tearing roofs down. The most prominent of them is Anna Mårtensdotter who appeared in court 28 times in the four years for which we have the court minutes still intact. 1 In our study on the women from that same family, Virpi Nissilä and I have encountered about 100 court cases from the 1620 to the 1650s, in which six women from two generations have been present. “The lengthy quarrels over inheritance hint that these people had fiery tempers”, wrote Mauno Jokipii in his pioneering article on the history of the Lavila family-one of the prominent families of freeholders in Lower Satakunta.